Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: Quantification of purified endogenous miRNAs with high sensitivity and specificity

doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19865-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Scheme to immobilize endogenous miRNAs. Total RNA is purified from cell lysate, tailed with poly(A) at the 3′-end, hybridized with complementary DNA strands, and immobilized on a surface using streptavidin–biotin interaction. b Single-molecule images of let-7a and let-7c miRNA from HeLa cell. c Sequential detection of endogenous let-7a and let-7c. Representative fluorescence intensity time traces identified as let-7a (top) and let-7c (bottom) are shown. Probes for let-7a detection were exchanged with probes for let-7c detection at 1200 s (dashed line). d Calibration for miRNA quantification. The number of spots identified as let-7a miRNA (red) and let-7c (gray) are plotted at varying combination of concentrations of target RNAs. The data are nicely fitted to a linear function (solid lines) with zero y -intercept and slopes of 2.8 spot/pM for let-7a and 2.7 spot/pM for let-7c ( R 2 = 0.998 for let-7a, and 0.996 for let-7c). e miRNA spike-in experiments. Varying amount of synthetic let-7a and let-7c miRNAs were spiked in total RNA of HeLa Cell, and their spot numbers were plotted as a function of their concentration. The data are nicely fitted to a linear function (solid lines) with the same slope (2.8 spot/pM), but different y -intercepts ( R 2 = 0.996 for let-7a, and 0.999 for let-7c). f let-7a detection in HeLa cell, let-7a overexpression HeLa cell, and mock HeLa cell. g Comparison of average copy numbers of let-7a and let-7c per 20 pg total RNA from HeLa cell, and human liver tissue. h Comparison of average copy numbers of let-7a and let-7c per 20 pg total RNA from MCF-7 exosome, and MCF-7 cell. To obtain each data point of d – h , three or more independent experiments were conducted. Data are mean ± SD. P values were determined by two-sided t test (**** P < 0.0001). Source data are available in the file.

Article Snippet: Commercial total RNAs from HeLa cells were purchased from Takara (636543).

Techniques: Purification, Fluorescence, Concentration Assay, Over Expression

Journal: The Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Small GTPase ActIvitY ANalyzing (SAIYAN) system: A method to detect GTPase activation in living cells

doi: 10.1083/jcb.202403179

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sar1 membrane association is efficiently detected using the Split mNeonGreen system. (A) Schematic representation of the SAIYAN system. The membrane-spanning regions of TANGO1S and HA-tag fused to 10 of the 11 strands of mNG (mNG 1–10 ) were expressed in cells. In addition, Sar1A constructs with a FLAG-tag and a glycine linker fused to the 11th strand of mNG (mNG 11 ) were also expressed. Upon Sar1A activation, mNG 1–10 and mNG 11 combined to form the complete mNG proteins, inducing mNG signals. (B) HA-mNG 1–10 cells transfected with the indicated Sar1A constructs were fixed and stained with anti-Sec16-C and anti-FLAG antibodies. Scale bar = 10 µm. (C) Quantification of mNG intensity from B (arbitrary units [A.U.]). Error bars represent the means ± SEM. Each data point represents the mNG intensity of the analyzed cells.

Article Snippet: Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells on a 3.5-cm glass bottom dish (Matsunami) treated with or without doxycycline were transfected with Str-KDEL_ManII-SBP-mCherry (Addgene).

Techniques: Membrane, Construct, FLAG-tag, Activation Assay, Transfection, Staining

Journal: The Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Small GTPase ActIvitY ANalyzing (SAIYAN) system: A method to detect GTPase activation in living cells

doi: 10.1083/jcb.202403179

Figure Lengend Snippet: Validation of SAIYAN technology. (A) Doxycycline-inducible HeLa cells expressing the membrane-spanning region of TANGO1S and HA-tag fused to 10 of the 11 strands of mNG (HA-mNG 1–10 cells) were either non-transfected or transfected with Sar1A constructs with a FLAG tag and a glycine linker fused to the 11th strand of mNG (Sar1A-FLAG-mNG 11 ). The cells were fixed and stained with anti-HA and anti-PDI antibodies. Scale bar = 10 µm. (B) HA-mNG 1–10 cells, treated with or without doxycycline, were transfected with Sar1A-FLAG-mNG 11 . The cells were fixed and stained with anti-HA and anti-FLAG antibodies. Scale bar = 10 µm.

Article Snippet: Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells on a 3.5-cm glass bottom dish (Matsunami) treated with or without doxycycline were transfected with Str-KDEL_ManII-SBP-mCherry (Addgene).

Techniques: Expressing, Membrane, Transfection, Construct, FLAG-tag, Staining

Journal: The Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Small GTPase ActIvitY ANalyzing (SAIYAN) system: A method to detect GTPase activation in living cells

doi: 10.1083/jcb.202403179

Figure Lengend Snippet: Production of Sar1A/SAIYAN cells. (A) Doxycycline-inducible stable cell lines expressing the membrane-spanning regions of TANGO1S and HA-tag fused to 10 of the 11 strands of mNG were established using a lentiviral system and G418 selection (HA-mNG 1–10 cells). Stable cells were subsequently electroporated with Cas9 protein, sgRNA, and ssDNA to facilitate the knock-in of FLAG-mNG 11 into the Sar1A locus of the genome. Cells were treated with doxycycline for 24 h and further sorted via FACS to isolate single cells exhibiting mNG signals into 96-well plates. The expanded cell population was then collected and subjected to genomic sequencing. Positive clones were identified and selected for further analysis (Sar1A/SAIYAN cells). (B) Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells, either treated or non-treated with doxycycline, were fixed and stained with anti-HA and anti-PDI antibodies. Boxed areas in the middle panels are shown at high magnification in the bottom panels. Scale bars: 10 µm (main), 5 µm (magnification). (C) Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells, either treated or non-treated with doxycycline, were fixed and stained with anti-HA and anti-FLAG antibodies. Boxed areas in the middle panels are shown at high magnification in the bottom panels. Scale bar:10 µm (main), 5 μm (magnification). (D) Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells transfected with the indicated siRNAs were fixed and stained with an anti-Sec16-C antibody. Scale bar = 10 µm. (E) Quantification of mNG intensity from D (arbitrary units [A.U.]). Error bars represent the means ± SEM. Each data point represents the mNG intensity of the analyzed cells. (F) Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells transfected with the indicated siRNAs were lysed and subjected to SDS-PAGE, followed by western blotting with anti-FLAG, anti-HA, anti-Sar1A, and anti-GAPDH antibodies. (G) Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells, either treated or non-treated with doxycycline, were fractionated via centrifugation. The lysates, the supernatants, and the pellets were subjected to SDS-PAGE, followed by western blotting with anti-FLAG, Sar1A, HA, ERK1, and calnexin antibodies. Source data are available for this figure: .

Article Snippet: Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells on a 3.5-cm glass bottom dish (Matsunami) treated with or without doxycycline were transfected with Str-KDEL_ManII-SBP-mCherry (Addgene).

Techniques: Stable Transfection, Expressing, Membrane, Selection, Knock-In, Genomic Sequencing, Clone Assay, Staining, Transfection, SDS Page, Western Blot, Centrifugation

Journal: The Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Small GTPase ActIvitY ANalyzing (SAIYAN) system: A method to detect GTPase activation in living cells

doi: 10.1083/jcb.202403179

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells proliferate and secrete normally. (A) HeLa and Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells were treated with or without doxycycline for 24 h, and cell viability was measured and normalized using untreated HeLa cells as control. Error bars represent the means ± SEM. n = 4. (B) Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells, treated with or without doxycycline, were fixed and stained with anti-Sec16-C and anti-GM130 antibodies. Scale bars = 10 µm. (C) Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells treated with or without doxycycline were transfected with Str-KDEL_ManII-SBP-mCherry. RUSH chase was started with biotin addition, and live imaging was performed. Scale bars = 10 μm.

Article Snippet: Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells on a 3.5-cm glass bottom dish (Matsunami) treated with or without doxycycline were transfected with Str-KDEL_ManII-SBP-mCherry (Addgene).

Techniques: Control, Staining, Transfection, Imaging

Journal: The Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Small GTPase ActIvitY ANalyzing (SAIYAN) system: A method to detect GTPase activation in living cells

doi: 10.1083/jcb.202403179

Figure Lengend Snippet: ER exit site organization is required for the efficient activation of Sar1A. (A, C, E, and G) Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells transfected with the indicated siRNAs were fixed and stained with anti-Sec16-C antibodies. Scale bar = 10 µm. (B, D, F, and H) Quantification of mNG signals from A, C, E, and G, respectively (arbitrary units [A.U.]). Error bars represent the means ± SEM. Each data point represents the mNG intensity of the analyzed cells.

Article Snippet: Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells on a 3.5-cm glass bottom dish (Matsunami) treated with or without doxycycline were transfected with Str-KDEL_ManII-SBP-mCherry (Addgene).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Transfection, Staining

Journal: The Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Small GTPase ActIvitY ANalyzing (SAIYAN) system: A method to detect GTPase activation in living cells

doi: 10.1083/jcb.202403179

Figure Lengend Snippet: Western blotting analysis of Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells on , , and . (A) Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells transfected with the indicated siRNAs were lysed and subjected to SDS-PAGE, followed by western blotting with anti-FLAG, anti-HA, anti-Sec12, and anti-GAPDH antibodies. (B) Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells transfected with the indicated siRNAs were lysed and subjected to SDS-PAGE, followed by western blotting with anti-FLAG, anti-HA, anti-cTAGE5 CC1, anti-Sec12, and anti-GAPDH antibodies. (C) Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells transfected with the indicated siRNAs were lysed and subjected to SDS-PAGE, followed by western blotting with anti-FLAG, anti-HA, anti-TANGO1 CC1, and anti-GAPDH antibodies. (D) Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells transfected with the indicated siRNAs were lysed and subjected to SDS-PAGE, followed by western blotting with anti-FLAG, anti-HA, anti-Sec16-N, and anti-GAPDH antibodies. (E) Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells transfected with the indicated siRNAs were lysed and subjected to SDS-PAGE, followed by western blotting with anti-FLAG, anti-HA, anti-Sec23A (11D8), and anti-GAPDH antibodies. (F) Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells transfected with the indicated siRNAs were lysed and subjected to SDS-PAGE, followed by western blotting with anti-FLAG, anti-HA, anti-Sec31A (rabbit), and anti-GAPDH antibodies. (G) Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells were stably expressed using mCherry-tagged Sec23A constructs as indicated. Cells were lysed and subjected to SDS-PAGE, followed by western blotting with anti-FLAG, anti-HA, anti-Sec23A (11D8), anti-Sec31A (rabbit), and anti-GAPDH antibodies. Source data are available for this figure: .

Article Snippet: Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells on a 3.5-cm glass bottom dish (Matsunami) treated with or without doxycycline were transfected with Str-KDEL_ManII-SBP-mCherry (Addgene).

Techniques: Western Blot, Transfection, SDS Page, Stable Transfection, Construct

Journal: The Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Small GTPase ActIvitY ANalyzing (SAIYAN) system: A method to detect GTPase activation in living cells

doi: 10.1083/jcb.202403179

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sec23A and Sec31A depletion exerts opposite effects on the activation of Sar1A in living cells. (A and C) Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells transfected with the indicated siRNAs were fixed and stained with anti-Sec16-C antibodies. Scale bar = 10 µm. (B and D) Quantification of mNG signals from A and C, respectively (arbitrary units [A.U.]). Error bars represent the means ± SEM. Each data point represents the mNG intensity of the analyzed cells. (E) Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells transfected with the indicated plasmids were fixed and processed for microscopic analysis. Scale bar = 10 µm. (F) Quantification of mNG signals from E (A.U.). Error bars represent the means ± SEM. Each data point represents the mNG intensity of the analyzed cells.

Article Snippet: Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells on a 3.5-cm glass bottom dish (Matsunami) treated with or without doxycycline were transfected with Str-KDEL_ManII-SBP-mCherry (Addgene).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Transfection, Staining

Journal: The Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Small GTPase ActIvitY ANalyzing (SAIYAN) system: A method to detect GTPase activation in living cells

doi: 10.1083/jcb.202403179

Figure Lengend Snippet: Each CLSD mutant of Sec23A exhibits different properties on Sar1 activation. (A) Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells stably expressing mCherry-tagged Sec23A constructs, as indicated, were fixed and processed for microscopic analysis. Scale bar = 10 µm. (B) Quantification of mNG signals from A (A.U.). Error bars represent the means ± SEM. Each data point represents the mNG intensity of the analyzed cells.

Article Snippet: Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells on a 3.5-cm glass bottom dish (Matsunami) treated with or without doxycycline were transfected with Str-KDEL_ManII-SBP-mCherry (Addgene).

Techniques: Mutagenesis, Activation Assay, Stable Transfection, Expressing, Construct

Journal: The Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Small GTPase ActIvitY ANalyzing (SAIYAN) system: A method to detect GTPase activation in living cells

doi: 10.1083/jcb.202403179

Figure Lengend Snippet: DPD treatment accumulates collagen I within the ER of Sar1A/SAIYAN (BJ-5ta) cells. Sar1A/SAIYAN (BJ-5ta) cells were treated with DMSO or 0.5 mM DPD and incubated for 16 h. Cells were fixed and stained with an anti-collagen I antibody. Scale bar = 10 µm.

Article Snippet: Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells on a 3.5-cm glass bottom dish (Matsunami) treated with or without doxycycline were transfected with Str-KDEL_ManII-SBP-mCherry (Addgene).

Techniques: Incubation, Staining

Journal: The Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Small GTPase ActIvitY ANalyzing (SAIYAN) system: A method to detect GTPase activation in living cells

doi: 10.1083/jcb.202403179

Figure Lengend Snippet: Activated Sar1 prevails in the ERGIC region of Sar1A/SAIYAN (BJ-5ta) cells. (A–O) Sar1A/SAIYAN (BJ-5ta) cells were fixed and stained with anti-Sec16-C (A), anti-ERGIC53 (B), anti-Sec23 (5H2) (C), anti-Sec24B (D), anti-Sec24D (E), anti-p125A (F), anti-TANGO1-CT (G), anti-Sec12 (H), anti-TFG (I), anti-Sec13 (J), anti-Sec31A (mouse) (K), anti-β-COP (L), anti-GM130 (M), anti-PDI (N), and anti-Rab1A (O) antibodies. Images were captured using Airyscan2. Scale bars: 10 µm (main), 1 µm (magnification). (A–L) Right; top: Magnification of the indicated regions is on the left. Right; bottom: Magnification of the indicated regions on the upper. (P) Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to quantify the degree of colocalization. n = 5. Cyan; outer COPII coats, blue; inner COPII coats, purple; ER exit site resident proteins, red; ERGIC proteins, orange; COPI protein, magenta; ER and Golgi proteins. Error bars represent the mean 95% CI.

Article Snippet: Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells on a 3.5-cm glass bottom dish (Matsunami) treated with or without doxycycline were transfected with Str-KDEL_ManII-SBP-mCherry (Addgene).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: The Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Small GTPase ActIvitY ANalyzing (SAIYAN) system: A method to detect GTPase activation in living cells

doi: 10.1083/jcb.202403179

Figure Lengend Snippet: Triple staining of Sar1A/SAIYAN (BJ-5ta) and parental BJ-5ta reveals the organization of the ER-Golgi interface of collagen-secreting cells. (A–C) Sar1A/SAIYAN (BJ-5ta) cells were fixed and stained with anti-Sec16-C and anti-ERGIC53 (A), anti-Sec23 (5H2), and anti-ERGIC53 (B), and anti-Rab1A and anti-ERGIC53 (C) antibodies. Images were captured using the Airyscan2. Scale bars: 10 µm (main), 1 µm (magnification). (D) BJ-5ta cells were fixed and stained with anti-Sec16-C, anti-Sec23 (5H2), and anti-ERGIC53 antibodies. Images were captured using the Airyscan2. Scale bars: 10 µm (main), 1 µm (magnification). (A–D) (right; top) Magnification of the indicated regions is on the left. (right; bottom) Double staining of the magnified region on the top.

Article Snippet: Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells on a 3.5-cm glass bottom dish (Matsunami) treated with or without doxycycline were transfected with Str-KDEL_ManII-SBP-mCherry (Addgene).

Techniques: Staining, Double Staining

Journal: The Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Small GTPase ActIvitY ANalyzing (SAIYAN) system: A method to detect GTPase activation in living cells

doi: 10.1083/jcb.202403179

Figure Lengend Snippet: Quantification of Pearson’s correlation coefficient to quantify the degree of colocalization in Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells. Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells were fixed and stained with anti-Sec16-C, anti-ERGIC53, anti-Sec23, anti-Sec24B, anti-Sec24D, anti-p125A, anti-TANGO1-CT, anti-Sec12, anti-TFG, anti-Sec13, anti-Sec31A (mouse), anti-β-COP, anti-GM130, anti-PDI, and anti-Rab1A antibodies. Images were captured using the Airyscan2. n = 5. Cyan; outer COPII coats, blue; inner COPII coats, purple; endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit site resident proteins, red; ERGIC proteins, orange; COPI protein, magenta; ER and Golgi proteins. Error bars represent the mean 95% CI.

Article Snippet: Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells on a 3.5-cm glass bottom dish (Matsunami) treated with or without doxycycline were transfected with Str-KDEL_ManII-SBP-mCherry (Addgene).

Techniques: Staining

Journal: The Journal of Cell Biology

Article Title: Small GTPase ActIvitY ANalyzing (SAIYAN) system: A method to detect GTPase activation in living cells

doi: 10.1083/jcb.202403179

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reticular pattern of activated Sar1 signals diminished with DPD treatment in Sar1A/SAIYAN (BJ-5ta) cells. (A) Sar1A/SAIYAN (BJ-5ta) cells were treated with DMSO or 0.5 mM DPD and incubated for 16 h. Cells were fixed and stained with anti-Sec16-C antibodies. Images were captured using the Airyscan2. Scale bars: 10 µm (main), 1 µm (magnification). (B) Pearson’s correlation coefficient was quantified to assess the degree of colocalization. n = 5. Error bars represent the mean 95% CI.

Article Snippet: Sar1A/SAIYAN (HeLa) cells on a 3.5-cm glass bottom dish (Matsunami) treated with or without doxycycline were transfected with Str-KDEL_ManII-SBP-mCherry (Addgene).

Techniques: Incubation, Staining

Journal: Gels

Article Title: Enzyme Responsive Vaginal Microbicide Gels Containing Maraviroc and Tenofovir Microspheres Designed for Acid Phosphatase-Triggered Release for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis of HIV-1: A Comparative Analysis of a Bigel and Thermosensitive Gel

doi: 10.3390/gels8010015

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cytotoxic effect of the varying concentrations of maraviroc and tenofovir microspheres, negative and positive control on the HeLa cell lines. Results are given as mean ± SD, n = 3.

Article Snippet: Cell lines: HeLa cells and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Cell Lines Service GmbH, Germany.

Techniques: Positive Control